Different Types Of Dystonia In Children

Dystonia disorder in children is a movement disorder that generates involuntary muscle contractions. These contractions lead to muscle twitching and repetitive movements. This condition can occur due to a genetic mutation, disorder or medication. Some people inherit this condition, while others develop it as a result of another disease or the administration of certain drugs.

It is relatively common in children. According to the Spanish Society of Neurology (SEN), dystonia is the third type of movement disorder in children. In this article, we will explain in detail what it is and how this disease is diagnosed.

Different types of dystonia in children

Diagnosis of dystonia

First, doctors should rule out secondary dystonias. To do this, they will perform toxicological and neuroimaging studies and compile the patient’s complete medical history. Imaging tests include computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Physicians should also perform complementary metabolic and genetic studies; they may also include an electromyogram and an electroneurogram. In this way, doctors will be able to define a correct prognosis and treatment.

Treatment of dystonia

First, for generalized dystonia, doctors will administer anticholinergics; two of the most common are trihexyphenidyl and benztropine. These will reduce spasms by blocking specific nerve impulses.

However, medicines have many side effects, which can include confusion, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, etc. A mild anxiolytic, such as clonazepam, can often help. If the generalized dystonia is severe or does not respond to medication, then a deep brain stimulation can be performed.

Children with dopa-sensitive dystonia feel better when treated with levodopa plus carbidopa. If their symptoms affect only one or a few parts of the body, then doctors can inject botulinum toxin into the overactive muscles. It weakens muscle contraction, but does not affect the nerves.

Conclusion

It is important to consult your pediatrician if you notice involuntary muscle movements in children. They may have a movement disorder, such as dystonia.

This condition will usually go away after a few months, leaving no sequelae. However, you should not ignore the symptoms, as dystonias that continue to mature can cause permanent disabilities.